Aliases
Disambiguation
Legal instrument under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA); also referred to as 'Exemption 1' in government documentation. Distinct from other FOIA exemptions (b)(2)–(b)(9).
Stats
Concept
A provision of the Freedom of Information Act that permits federal agencies to withhold information properly classified under Executive Order in the interest of national defense or foreign policy.
Uma disposição da Lei de Liberdade de Informação que permite às agências federais reter informações adequadamente classificadas conforme a Ordem Executiva no interesse de defesa nacional ou política externa.
Enrichment
- Exemption 1 - FOIA.WikiFOIA.Wiki▎ high· 2026-05-14
- Exemption 1 allows federal agencies to withhold classified information related to national defense or foreign policy
- Executive Order 13526 governs classified national security information with four conditions for original classification
- Eight classifiable categories include military plans, intelligence activities, foreign relations, and WMD development
- Courts typically give substantial weight to agency national security determinations
- Exemption 1 - FOIA Guide 2009U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Information Policy▎ high· 2026-05-14
- Exemption 1 protects information classified under Executive Order in the interest of national defense or foreign policy
- The current Executive Order 13526 establishes eight categories of information eligible for classification
- Exemptions (FOIA) | CIA FOIACentral Intelligence Agency▎ high· 2026-05-14
- CIA uses Exemption (b)(1) to withhold classified intelligence information
- Exemption is one of nine FOIA exemptions available to federal agencies
FOIA Exemption (b)(1)
Description (EN)
Stub generated by entity dedup. Will be enriched in Phase 6.
Descrição (PT-BR)
Stub gerado pela deduplicação de entidades. Será enriquecido na Fase 6.
<!-- enrichment:start -->Enrichment (EN)
Disambiguation: Legal instrument under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA); also referred to as 'Exemption 1' in government documentation. Distinct from other FOIA exemptions (b)(2)–(b)(9).
FOIA Exemption (b)(1) is a legal provision that allows federal agencies to withhold classified information from public disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act when disclosure would harm national defense or foreign policy interests. The exemption applies only to information that is properly classified pursuant to Executive Order 13526 (or its successor), and the information must fall within one of eight statutory categories including military plans, intelligence activities, foreign relations, or scientific/technological matters related to national security. Classification decisions must be made by authorized classifiers, and courts afford agencies substantial deference in national security determinations, though requesters may challenge withholdings on procedural or substantive grounds.
Enriquecimento (PT-BR)
Desambiguação: Legal instrument under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA); also referred to as 'Exemption 1' in government documentation. Distinct from other FOIA exemptions (b)(2)–(b)(9).
A Isenção (b)(1) da Lei de Liberdade de Informação (FOIA, em inglês) é uma disposição legal que permite às agências federais reter informações classificadas da divulgação pública quando a revelação prejudicaria os interesses de defesa nacional ou política externa. A isenção aplica-se apenas a informações adequadamente classificadas conforme a Ordem Executiva 13526 (ou sua sucessora), e a informação deve estar em uma das oito categorias estatutárias, incluindo planos militares, atividades de inteligência, relações exteriores ou assuntos científicos/tecnológicos relacionados à segurança nacional. As decisões de classificação devem ser tomadas por classificadores autorizados, e os tribunais concedem às agências deferência substancial em determinações de segurança nacional, embora os reclamantes possam contestar as retenções por motivos procedimentais ou substantivos.
External Sources
- Exemption 1 - FOIA.Wiki · FOIA.Wiki · reliability:
high— Exemption 1 allows federal agencies to withhold classified information related to national defense or foreign policy; Executive Order 13526 governs classified national security information with four conditions for original classification; Eight classifiable categories include military plans, intelligence activities, foreign relations, and WMD development; Courts typically give substantial weight to agency national security determinations - Exemption 1 - FOIA Guide 2009 · U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Information Policy · reliability:
high— Exemption 1 protects information classified under Executive Order in the interest of national defense or foreign policy; The current Executive Order 13526 establishes eight categories of information eligible for classification - Exemptions (FOIA) | CIA FOIA · Central Intelligence Agency · reliability:
high— CIA uses Exemption (b)(1) to withhold classified intelligence information; Exemption is one of nine FOIA exemptions available to federal agencies